Hydroxyzine HCl: Uses, Side Effects, and Safety Guidelines

Hydroxyzine HCl, a medication commonly used to relieve allergy symptoms and anxiety, can be an effective treatment when prescribed properly.

This article explains how hydroxyzine works, its side effects, precautions to consider, and important safety information.

Key Details 

Medication Name	Hydroxyzine HCl
Brand Name(s)	Atarax, Vistaril
Generic Name(s)	Hydroxyzine HCl
Uses	Allergy treatment, anxiety relief, sleep aid, pre-surgery sedative
Form	Oral tablets, liquid suspension
Common Side Effects	Drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, blurred vision
Serious Side Effects	Seizures, heart issues, allergic reaction
Precautions	Heart issues, liver problems, pregnancy, breastfeeding
Drug Interactions	Sedatives, antihistamines, muscle relaxants, opioids
FDA Status	Approved

What is Hydroxyzine HCl?

Hydroxyzine HCl (brand name Atarax) is an antihistamine that helps treat a variety of conditions. It is most commonly used for alleviating itching due to allergic reactions, but it also has sedative properties.

This makes it useful for treating short-term anxiety or as a calming agent before and after surgery.

Hydroxyzine works by blocking histamine—a substance produced by the body during allergic reactions. This prevents allergic symptoms like itching, swelling, and rashes.

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How Hydroxyzine HCl Works

Hydroxyzine is part of a class of medications called antihistamines. When you experience an allergic reaction, your body releases histamine, which binds to histamine receptors and causes symptoms like itching and swelling.

Hydroxyzine blocks these receptors, reducing allergic symptoms.

Besides being an antihistamine, hydroxyzine also has mild sedative effects. It can calm the nervous system, which is why it is prescribed to help manage anxiety or to relax patients before medical procedures.

How to Use Hydroxyzine HCl

Hydroxyzine is typically available in oral tablet form or as a liquid suspension. The exact dosage will depend on your age, weight, and medical condition. Generally, it is taken 3-4 times per day. Be sure to follow your doctor’s instructions on how to take it.

• Tablets: Take with water as directed by your healthcare provider.
• Liquid: Measure carefully using a designated measuring device to avoid incorrect dosing.

Dosage Tips

• Do not exceed the recommended dose or take it more frequently than prescribed.
• If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it’s close to your next dose. Do not double the dose.
• Contact your doctor if your symptoms do not improve or worsen.

Common Side Effects

While hydroxyzine is generally well-tolerated, some users may experience side effects, including:

• Drowsiness: This is the most common side effect and is often why hydroxyzine is used for anxiety and sleep.
• Dizziness: It may make you feel lightheaded, especially when standing up quickly.
• Blurred Vision: Some individuals experience difficulty seeing clearly while on hydroxyzine.
• Dry Mouth: This can be alleviated by drinking water, chewing sugarless gum, or sucking on sugar-free candy.

Serious Side Effects

• Severe dizziness, fainting, or irregular heartbeat.
• Seizures or shaking.
• Severe allergic reactions: symptoms like a rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing.

If any of these occur, seek medical attention immediately.

Safety Precautions

Before using hydroxyzine, share your full medical history with your doctor, especially if you have:

• Breathing problems like asthma or emphysema
• Heart issues such as high blood pressure, glaucoma, or a history of heart rhythm problems
• Kidney or liver disease
• Seizure disorders
• Prostate issues, especially difficulty urinating

QT Prolongation Warning

Hydroxyzine can cause QT prolongation, which may affect your heart’s rhythm. This can lead to serious, sometimes life-threatening issues. If you have heart problems, or if you are on medications that affect heart rhythm, inform your doctor before using hydroxyzine.

Alcohol and Drug Interactions

Hydroxyzine can interact with other medications or substances that cause drowsiness, including:

• Alcohol
• Opioids (e.g., codeine, hydrocodone)
• Marijuana
• Sleep medications (e.g., zolpidem, lorazepam)
• Other antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine)

Avoid alcohol while taking hydroxyzine as it can increase side effects like dizziness or drowsiness.

Hydroxyzine for Special Populations

Children

Hydroxyzine is often prescribed to children for allergy symptoms or anxiety, but it can cause excitement in some young patients rather than sedation. Always follow your pediatrician’s guidance when using this medication in children.

Older Adults

Older adults may be more sensitive to hydroxyzine’s sedative effects, which can lead to confusion, dizziness, and an increased risk of falls. If you are elderly, your doctor may adjust the dosage accordingly.

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Hydroxyzine should only be used during pregnancy if absolutely necessary. The effects of hydroxyzine on a fetus are not fully understood, so it is crucial to discuss its use with your healthcare provider.

It is unknown whether hydroxyzine passes into breast milk, so breastfeeding mothers should consult their doctors before using the medication.

Conclusion

Hydroxyzine HCl is a versatile medication that can effectively treat allergic reactions, anxiety, and provide short-term relief for sleep issues. However, it comes with the risk of side effects and potential drug interactions.

Always follow your doctor’s instructions and notify them of any health changes or concerns during treatment.

People May Ask

1. What is hydroxyzine used for?

Hydroxyzine is used to treat itching from allergies, anxiety, and to help people relax before or after surgery.

2. Is hydroxyzine safe for children?

Hydroxyzine can be used in children for certain conditions, but it may cause excitement rather than drowsiness in some kids. Consult with a pediatrician for proper dosage.

3. Can hydroxyzine cause drowsiness?

Yes, drowsiness is a common side effect, which is why it is often prescribed for anxiety or sleep problems.

4. Can I drink alcohol while on hydroxyzine?

It’s best to avoid alcohol while taking hydroxyzine, as it can intensify drowsiness and increase the risk of serious side effects.

5. What should I do if I miss a dose of hydroxyzine?

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as possible unless it’s almost time for your next dose. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one.

Disclaimer

This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting or discontinuing any medication.

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