Emgality (Galcanezumab) Overview: How It Works, Benefits, and Potential Side Effects

Emgality, known generically as galcanezumab, is a prescription medication that is primarily used to prevent migraines and manage cluster headaches.

As a member of the CGRP inhibitor class, it targets specific receptors in the brain that are responsible for pain pathways during a migraine or cluster headache attack.

By blocking calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a molecule that plays a critical role in migraine and cluster headache attacks, Emgality helps reduce the frequency and severity of these debilitating conditions.

In this article, we will explore what Emgality is, how it works, its potential benefits, common side effects, and key considerations before starting treatment.

Key Details

Brand Name	Emgality
Generic Name	Galcanezumab
Drug Class	CGRP Inhibitor
Route of Administration	Subcutaneous injection
Approved Uses	Migraine prevention, Cluster headache prevention
Common Side Effects	Injection site reactions, Constipation, Fatigue
Dosage Forms	120 mg/0.5 mL autoinjector
Prescription Required	Yes
Storage Requirements	Store in the refrigerator; do not freeze

What Is Emgality and How Does It Work?

Emgality is a monoclonal antibody specifically designed to block CGRP—a molecule involved in the dilation of blood vessels during a migraine attack. Elevated levels of CGRP can cause inflammation and pain, contributing to the characteristic symptoms of migraines and cluster headaches.

By binding to CGRP or its receptors, Emgality prevents the release of CGRP during a headache episode, reducing the pain and other symptoms associated with these conditions.

As a result, it is used to prevent migraines and manage cluster headaches, both of which can significantly impact quality of life.

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Conditions Treated with Emgality

Emgality is primarily prescribed for chronic and episodic migraines and cluster headaches.

1. Migraine Prevention

Chronic Migraines: These occur on 15 or more days per month, with at least 8 days involving a migraine.
Episodic Migraines: Migraines that occur less frequently but still significantly impact daily life.

2. Cluster Headache Prevention

Cluster headaches are rare, but extremely painful, headaches that occur in groups or clusters. These headaches are typically one-sided, intense, and often come with eye watering, nasal congestion, or runny nose.

Emgality is not used for immediate relief during an active migraine attack, but rather as a preventive treatment to reduce the frequency and intensity of attacks.

How Is Emgality Administered?

Emgality is injected under the skin (subcutaneously), and it can be administered at home once the patient receives the proper training. It is typically given once a month after an initial loading dose to help achieve rapid therapeutic effects.

The injection is simple, and patients are generally taught to use an autoinjector, which makes the process more convenient.

For those unable or unwilling to inject at home, the medication can be administered in a medical facility under the supervision of a healthcare provider.

Potential Side Effects of Emgality

While Emgality is considered a safe and effective treatment option for many patients, it can cause side effects. The majority of side effects reported are mild, but some can be more serious.

Common Side Effects

Injection Site Reactions: Pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site are common. These side effects usually subside within a few hours to days.
Constipation: Some individuals may experience difficulty passing stools or may feel bloated.
Fatigue: Tiredness or fatigue is another common complaint for those on this medication.

Serious Side Effects

Although rare, more serious side effects can occur with Emgality:

Allergic Reactions: Signs of an allergic reaction may include hives, difficulty breathing, or swelling in the face, lips, or throat.
Infections: Any injection site infection should be reported to a healthcare provider immediately.
Severe Headaches: In some cases, headaches may become worse initially as the body adjusts to the medication.

Patients should always be aware of any new or unusual symptoms and consult their healthcare provider if they have concerns.

Who Should Use Emgality?

Emgality is generally considered for individuals who suffer from chronic or episodic migraines, or cluster headaches, and who have not responded well to other preventive treatments. However, not everyone is a candidate for Emgality.

Contraindications and Considerations

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: The safety of Emgality during pregnancy or breastfeeding has not been fully established. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should consult with their healthcare provider to assess the risks and benefits.
Children and Adolescents: Emgality is not approved for use in individuals under the age of 18.
Allergic Reactions: If you have had any allergic reactions to galcanezumab or any of the components of Emgality, you should not use it.

Before starting treatment with Emgality, your healthcare provider will evaluate your health history, including any heart conditions, liver issues, or severe allergies.

Drug Interactions with Emgality

There are currently no known severe drug interactions with Emgality. However, it is essential to disclose all current medications and supplements to your healthcare provider before starting treatment. Some medications or conditions may increase the risk of side effects, and adjustments may be necessary.

Important Precautions and Warnings

While Emgality is a highly effective treatment for preventing migraines and managing cluster headaches, some important considerations include:

Initial Dosing: The first dose is typically higher to help establish the medication in the system quickly.
Injection Site Issues: Rotate the injection site with each dose to minimize skin irritation and bruising.
Monitor for Allergic Reactions: Seek immediate medical help if you experience any signs of a serious allergic reaction, such as trouble breathing or swelling in your face or throat.

Conclusion

Emgality offers a promising solution for those suffering from chronic migraines or cluster headaches. By targeting CGRP, this medication helps to reduce the frequency and severity of these painful episodes.

While the medication is generally well-tolerated, it’s crucial for patients to be aware of potential side effects and to work closely with their healthcare provider for optimal treatment outcomes.

People May Ask

How long does it take for Emgality to start working?

It may take up to 1 month to see the full benefits of Emgality. Some patients report a reduction in migraine frequency in as little as 2 weeks.

Can Emgality be used for acute migraine treatment?

No, Emgality is used for prevention and not for treating acute migraine attacks.

What if I miss a dose?

If you miss a dose, inject it as soon as you remember. If your next dose is near, skip the missed dose. Do not double the dose.

Is Emgality safe for long-term use?

Yes, Emgality is generally safe for long-term use under the supervision of a healthcare provider.

Can Emgality interact with other medications?

There are no known severe interactions, but inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are taking to ensure safety.

Disclaimer

The information provided here is intended for general educational purposes only. Always consult your healthcare provider before beginning any new treatment, including Emgality. Your healthcare provider can guide you on the appropriate use of this medication and assess its suitability based on your medical history.

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